Abstract
Acetic acid stress represents a frequent challenge to counteract for yeast cells under several environmental conditions and industrial bioprocesses. The molecular mechanisms underlying its response have been mostly elucidated in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where acetic acid can be either a physiological substrate or a stressor. This review will focus on acetic acid stress and its response in the context of cellular transport, pH homeostasis, metabolism and stress‐signalling pathways. This information has been integrated with the results obtained by multi‐omics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches aimed to identify major cellular players involved in acetic acid tolerance. In the production of biofuels and renewable chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, the improvement of acetic acid tolerance is a key factor. In this view, how this knowledge could be used to contribute to the development and competitiveness of yeast cell factories for sustainable applications will be also discussed.
Highlights
Acetic acid stress represents a frequent challenge to counteract for yeast cells under several environmental conditions and industrial bioprocesses
In a physiological scenario where acetic acid derives from cellular metabolism, its accumulation occurs in parallel with glucose consumption and became maximal in stationary-phase yeast cells
This knowledge represents a precious resource for industrial biotechnology, where the improvement of acetic acid tolerance affected by other inhibitors like furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural is a key factor for fermentation processes using lignocellulosic raw materials as substrates
Summary
Acetic acid stress represents a frequent challenge to counteract for yeast cells under several environmental conditions and industrial bioprocesses. This review will highlight the knowledge concerning acetic acid stress response in budding yeast focusing on its molecular mechanisms involving cellular transport, pH homeostasis, metabolism and stress-signalling pathways. This knowledge represents a precious resource for industrial biotechnology, where the improvement of acetic acid tolerance affected by other inhibitors like furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural is a key factor for fermentation processes using lignocellulosic raw materials as substrates. In this view, how this knowledge could be used to contribute to the development of cell factories for sustainable applications will be discussed
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