Abstract
Metabolic alkalosis is a well-known acid–base derangement in the ICU. Treatment with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide is indicated in selected cases. According to the quantitative physicochemical approach described by Stewart, correction of serum pH due to carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the proximal tubule cannot be explained by excretion of bicarbonate. pH is exclusively mediated by three independent variables: pCO2, total concentration of weak acids, and the difference between dissociated anions and cations (SID). We therefore studied the mechanism of action of acetazolamide in critically ill patients with a metabolic alkalosis according to the Stewart approach.
Highlights
Community-acquired pneumonia remains a common ventilation (MV) were randomized into two groups: one group was condition worldwide
This study shows that the inhibition of the intramyocardial expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and of its secondary mediator COX-2 related to moderate hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–acute pancreatitis (AP)-1, but not of the NF-κB pathway
Nominal values of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) detected by immunoassay were based upon calibration with commercial murine iNOS standards
Summary
Community-acquired pneumonia remains a common ventilation (MV) were randomized into two groups: one group was condition worldwide. Methods Eighty-one consecutive patients (age 63 ± 16 years, male n = 51, SAPS 2 score 49 ± 11, mechanical ventilation n = 50, vasopressors n = 56, renal failure n = 19, postoperative n = 23) admitted to the ICU during a 3-month period were evaluated. Probiotics administration was suggested to reduce the incidence of infections and the overall morbidity and mortality in surgical patients The aim of this prospective randomized clinical trial was to assess the effects of a combination formula of probiotics and prebiotics (Synbiotic 2000Forte; Medifarm, Sweden) versus prebiotics only (fiber) in critically ill, long-term mechanically ventilated trauma patients. This study examines the acute patient outcomes associated with the evolution of early total care to damage control orthopaedics for multiply injured patients with femoral shaft fractures
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