Acetate removal in sewer biofilms under aerobic conditions

Abstract

Removal of acetate has been investigated in sewer biofilms by continuous-flow biofilm reactor studies simulating the conditions in a gravity sewer. Non-steady-state conditions are prevailing in sewers, due to periodic variations in substrate concentrations. In order to simulate two extreme situations in a gravity sewer, biofilms defined as high-loaded and low-loaded, respectively, were grown by continuously feeding wastewater to the reactors with and without supplementary addition of acetate. During short-term experiments with high acetate concentrations (1–2 h), surface removal rates of acetate and dissolved oxygen (DO) and observed yield coefficients were determined, as well as the influence of DO concentration on acetate removal rates. The low-loaded biofilms showed very high acetate removal rates in short-term experiments at high acetate concentrations. The DO uptake rates were low, resulting in an average observed yield coefficient of 0.79 g biomass produced per gram acetate (as chemical oxygen demand, COD) consumed. This indicated a luxury uptake by the cells probably for storage inside the cells or for production of extracellular polymeric substances. The high-loaded biofilms showed lower acetate removal rates during the short-term experiments, with an average yield coefficient of 0.49 g biomass produced per gram acetate (as COD) consumed. The level of the acetate removal rates seemed to be related to the structure of the biofilm. The highest acetate removal rates were found for the low-loaded biofilm, where the biofilm was very hairy with “streamers” with a length of 8–9 mm. At low acetate removal rates (high-loaded biofilm), the “streamer” lengths were only 3–5 mm. The surface removal rates for acetate and DO seemed to follow 1 2 order approximations to biofilm kinetics. For a DO of 0.8 and 6.0 g/m 3, the limiting acetate concentrations were about 3–4 and 20 g-COD/m 3, respectively. Under real gravity sewer conditions, the typical concentration ranges for acetate and DO are at levels where any of them may be rate-limiting for microbial acetate removal.