Aceleradores e detetores de partículas, uma introdução à física experimental de partículas elementares

Abstract

The history of particle acelerators is one of the classical examples of the spetacular advances in modern science. From the very modest machines of Lawrence and Cockroft-Walton vast laboratories have grown and many of the most important scientific discoveries in the last decades have been made using huge particle accelerators. Two distinct lines of progress have been followed, one started by J. Cookroft and E.T.S. Walton resulted in Iinear accelerators. The other school led by later E.O. Lawrence who developed the ciclotron resulted in magnetic confinement machines, whose modern version is the sincrotron with particle storage ring and collider. The devices described, (accelerators and detectors) in this work are dated but the principles they illustrate are still being applied in the most modern machines despite the use of modern technologies like superconductor magnets.