AC/DC dual-type pressure and movement sensor based on the nanoresistance network

Abstract

Flexible pressure and movement sensors with dual-type signals have broad application potential in smart electronics and robotics. However, most devices usually require the assembly of various functional materials through a multistep and tedious process to realize the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) dual-mode output, resulting in difficult-to-control sensor volumes, complicated structures, and flexibility limitations. Here, we develop a dual-type signal pressure and movement sensor via fabricating the electrospun [polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyaniline]//[polyacrylonitrile/barium titanate] ([PVP/PANI]//[PAN/BTO]) bifunctional Janus nanofiber films (BJNFF), which is able to generate AC or DC signals in different working modes. In working mode I, the BJNFF can produce an AC voltage signal (2.33 V N−1) for detecting vertical pressure. In working mode II, by moving Al over the BJNFF, the BJNFF can follow the dynamic Schottky contact to generate electron migration, thereby producing a DC output voltage signal for slip sensing. As a result, BJNFF utilizes the AC and DC conduction characteristics of the nanoresistance network to achieve AC/DC output compatibility in one integrated sensing material by one-step construction. Moreover, the BJNFF exhibits high sensitivity and maintains stability after reciprocating motion. These findings provide an efficient way for developing multifunctional sensors and achieving flexible smart electronics.