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Abstract
Shaping is very necessary in order to obtain a wide and flat supercontinuum (SC). Via numerical simulations, we accurately demonstrated shaping the SC using the fiber cascading method to significantly increase the width as well as the flatness of the spectrum in silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The cascaded PCF contains two segments, each of which has dual zero-dispersion frequencies (ZDFs). The spectral range of the SC can be expanded tremendously by tuning the spacing between the two ZDFs of the first segmented cascaded PCF. Increasing the pump power generates more solitons at the red edge, which accelerates solitons trapping and improves the spectral flatness of the blue edge. Furthermore, cascading the second segmented PCF by choosing appropriate fiber parameters ensures the flatness of the red end of SC. Therefore, a cost-effective alternative method for broad and flat supercontinuum generation in the near-infrared range is proposed here, which can be implemented easily in any photonics laboratory, where dual ZDFs PCFs are commonly found.
Highlights
Since Alfano and Shapiro firstly reported supercontinuum (SC) in 1970 in bulk glass [1], it has been explosively used in various fields, including spectroscopy [2], optical coherent tomography [3], metrology [4], and so on
We found that increasing the zero-dispersion frequencies (ZDFs) spacing is beneficial for extending the SC by R-dispersion waves (DWs) and trapping blue-shifted dispersion wave (Trapping B-DW)
We find that a large ZDF spacing in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) can improve the width of the output spectrum by both red-shifted dispersion wave (R-DW) and Trapping B-DW
Summary
Since Alfano and Shapiro firstly reported supercontinuum (SC) in 1970 in bulk glass [1], it has been explosively used in various fields, including spectroscopy [2], optical coherent tomography [3], metrology [4], and so on. Poletti et al have mathematically explained the soliton spectral tunneling effect in an index-guiding holey fiber with an adjustable group velocity dispersion (GVD) barrier over a large frequency range, which can be used to adjust the spectral width [26]. All these results show that increasing the number of ZDFs will increase spectral width, while spectral flatness will decrease. Haihuan Chen et al have reported the fabrication of cascaded PCF tapers in monolithic design, and demonstrated flat broadband SCG in cascaded PCF tapers [30] All of these cascaded methods have improved spectral span or spectral flatness to some extent, but few works have acquired large bandwidth and high flatness simultaneously. In the second part of our simulation, we analyze the output spectrum of the first segment and appropriately choose the fiber parameters of the second segmented cascaded PCF, realizing the accurate shaping of the red edge spectrum
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