Abstract
Characterization of single-mode fibers has attracted much attention in the recent past. The most popular approach adopted for routine characterization is based on the approximation that the modal field in most fibers of practical interest is almost independent of the core-index profile and resembles a Gaussian. The Gaussian near-field approximation has led to the concept of an equivalent-step-index (ESI) fiber whose parameters1 are derived from measurement of spot dependence on the wavelength.
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