Abstract
The availability of new accurate radio flux densities of Jupiter in and around the λ ≃ 1.3 cm ammonia absorption band, one from ground-based radio data and five from the WMAP satellite, permits re-examination of the structure of the jovian upper troposphere. These flux densities, with accuracies of 1–3%, indicate that the jovian atmospheric ammonia is globally subsaturated within and above the ammonia cloud tops, 0.4 bar ⩽ P ⩽ 0.6 bar , and subsolar (by a factor of 2) below the cloud base, 0.6 bar ⩽ P ⩽ 2 bar .
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