Abstract

Flow measurements, which are usually made somewhere near the upper end of a treatment plant, are used to control the flow rate to each treatment process, adjust chemical feed rates, determine pump efficiencies and power requirements, calculate detention times, monitor the amount of water treated, and calculate the unit cost of treatment. Inaccurate readings are misleading and costly. Flow measurements can be made in either pipelines or open channels. Four types of measuring devices suitable for pipelines–pressure differential meters, velocity meters, ultrasonic flow meters, and magnetic flow meters–are discussed in this article.

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