Abstract
Abstract: This study looks into water demand and daily water consumption patterns in hostels, which is important for long-term water supply systems. It produces exact estimates by combining IoT-based algorithms with ultrasonic sensors. In Pakistan, there was no precise study on hostel water usage. Ultrasonic sensors in hostel water tanks monitor real-time water levels and pump status, allowing hourly water consumption to be calculated. The average daily water consumption per person in hostels is 168.5 Liter Per Capita per Day (LPCD), with a standard deviation of 29.3 LPCD ranging from 112.25 LPCD to 218.5 LPCD. Demand peaks around 10:00 a.m. and gradually declines throughout the day. Weekdays average 172.5 LPCD, whereas weekends average 157.7 LPCD. This information assists in effective water management techniques such as consumption reduction, awareness promotion, optimizing usage, and leak repair, hence improving sustainable water supply system planning and management.
Published Version
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