Abstract

Clinically, solid nodules with adenocarcinoma (SN–ADC) exhibit faster growth and greater invasiveness than ground-glass nodules with adenocarcinoma (GGN-ADC). Metabolic reprogramming is a critical feature of tumor cells and may facilitate the rapid progression of early-stage lung cancer. Herein, we used laser microdissection to precisely isolate malignant regions from five SN–ADC and six GGN–ADC samples for proteomic analysis. Bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and electron microscopy conducted in this study revealed a significant upregulation of lipid droplet-associated protein (PLIN2) and marked increase in lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in SN–ADC tissues. Consequently, a novel two-photon near-infrared fluorescence probe was developed to monitor the dynamic changes in LDs in lung cancer cells. Further, experimental validation confirmed the effectiveness of the LD probe (LD-probe) in monitoring the changes in LDs in tumor cells and distinguishing LD differences between tumor and normal tissues. In particular, the probe successfully detected significant differences in LD behavior between SN–ADC and GGN–ADC in early-stage lung cancer. Thus, this study developed a rapid and effective tool for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer. The proposed method offers deeper insight into the monitoring of the behavior of LDs in tumor cells, with potential clinical applications.

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