Abstract
The paper deals with the separation of the third cervical vertebra using the software VGStudio MAX, Mimics, and inVesalius. During the separation, various parameters of the threshold were used to determine the effect. The comparison of models from Mimics and inVesalius to VGStudio MAX showed that the cumulative variance distribution for 95% surface coverage is less than 0.935 mm. When comparing medically oriented software, Mimics and inVesalius, the deviation was less than 0.356 mm. The model was made of polylactic acid (PLA) material on a low-cost 3D printer, Prusa i3 MK2.5 MMU1. The printed model was scanned by four scanners: Artec Eva, 3Shape D700, Steinbichler Comet L3D, and Creaform EXAscan. The outputs from the scanners were compared to the reference model (standard tessellation language (STL) model for 3D printing) as well as to the scanner with the best accuracy (3Shape). Compared to the publications below, the analysis of deviations was evaluated on the entire surface of the model and not on selected dimensions. The cumulative variance distribution for comparing the output from the 3D scanner with the reference model, as well as comparing the scanners, shows that the deviation for 95% of the surface coverage is at the level of 0.300 mm. Since the model of the vertebra is planned for education and training, the used software and technologies are suitable for use in the design and the production process.
Highlights
The study of anatomy is an important part of medical education [1,2,3]
The cumulative histogram shows that 84.79% of the surface has a deviation of less than a lower density, the software did not identify it as a bone
The paper deals with the separation of the third cervical vertebra in a medical, industrial, and freely available computed tomography (CT) data processing software
Summary
The study of anatomy is an important part of medical education [1,2,3]. In the past, the visualization of the patient’s anatomy was limited to using flat screens and radiographs [4]. Visual inspection and direct manipulation of handheld models are made possible using 3D printing [5]. 3D printed models allow interactive studying of the morphological features of anatomical objects, teaching, and learning of high-risk operations that are challenging to teach. Based on the boundary of the bone structures (Figure 2B), it could be stated that the. Based on differs the boundary the bone structures. 2B), it could be stated that the setting of VG1 from theofsetting of VG2 mainly Nal structures vertebra and inand the internal lower level of noise.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
