Accuracy of free-breathing multi-parametric SASHA in identifying T1 and T2 elevations in pediatric orthotopic heart transplant patients.

Abstract

T1/T2 parametric mapping may reveal patterns of elevation ("hotspots") in myocardial diseases, such as rejection in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of free-breathing (FB) multi-parametric SAturation recovery single-SHot Acquisition (mSASHA) T1/T2 mapping in identifying hotspots present on conventional Breath-held Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (BH MOLLI) T1 and T2-prepared balanced steady-state free-precession (BH T2p-bSSFP) maps in pediatric OHT patients. Pediatric OHT patients underwent noncontrast 1.5T CMR with BH MOLLI T1 and T2p-bSSFP and prototype FB mSASHA T1/T2 mapping in 8 short-axis slices. FB and BH T1/T2 hotspots were segmented using semi-automated thresholding (ITK-SNAP) and their 3D coordinate locations were collected (3-Matic, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and measures of central tendency were utilized. 40 imaging datasets from 23 pediatric OHT patients were obtained. FB mSASHA yielded a sensitivity of 82.8% for T1 and 80% for T2 maps when compared to the standard BH MOLLI, as well as 100% specificity for both T1 and T2 maps. When identified on both FB and BH maps, hotspots overlapped in all cases, with an average long axis offset between FB and BH hotspot centers of 5.8mm (IQR 3.5-8.2) on T1 and 5.9mm (IQR 3.5-8.2) on T2 maps. FB mSASHA T1/T2 maps can identify hotspots present on conventional BH T1/T2 maps in pediatric patients with OHT, with high sensitivity, specificity, and overlap in 3D space. Free-breathing mapping may improve patient comfort and facilitate OHT assessment in younger patient populations.