Accuracy of Complete-Arch Scans Obtained by Intraoral Scanner and Smartphone Three-Dimensional Scanning Applications With Different Smartphone Position Setups: An In Vitro Study.

Abstract

The high cost of intraoral scanners (IOS) for complete-arch scans makes them less accessible for many dental practitioners. As a viable alternative, smartphone scanner applications (SMP) provide comparable scanning capabilities at a significantly low cost. However, there is limited data on the accuracy of SMP, especially when used in various smartphone positions. This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional (3D) and linear accuracy of complete-arch scans acquired by an IOSand SMP (KIRI Engine, KIRI Innovations, Guangdong, China) at three shooting angles (0°, 45°, and 90° for SMP_3A) and two shooting angles (30° and 60° for SMP_2A). A stone dental cast was scanned with a laboratory scanner as a reference, with 11 scans performed by an IOS, SMP_2A, and SMP_3A. In 3D analysis, trueness and precision were evaluated through superimposition with the reference scanand within each group, respectively, using the best-fit algorithm of Geomagic Wrap software (3D Systems, Inc., Rock Hill, SC). Trueness in linear discrepancy was assessed by comparing the occlusal-cervical and mesiodistal dimensions of reference teeth (canine, premolar, and molar), intercanine width, and intermolar width on the digital casts to measurements of the stone cast, while precision was measured using the coefficient of variance. Differences between groups were analyzed using the Friedman test, followed by the Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level set at 0.05. IOS exhibited significantly lower trueness than SMP_2A (p = 0.003) with significantly greater width discrepancies on canines (p = 0.001) and molars (p < 0.001). Discrepancy patterns differed among the three scanning methods. The IOS showedgreater discrepancieson the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. While SMP_3A demonstrated higher variation on the palatal surfaces and interproximal areas of posterior teeth. For precision,SMP_3A (p = 0.028) and SMP_2A (p = 0.003) showed a significantly lower precision in 3D analysis, but a comparable reproducibility in linear measurement to IOS. TRIOS IOS (3Shape,Copenhagen, Denmark) exhibited lower trueness in 3D and linear accuracy analyses for complete-arch scans. The positions of the smartphonesignificantly enhanced trueness at the undercut region. SMP_2A and SMP_3A can be a potential alternative for precise linear measurement in complete-arch scans with selective use.