Abstract
We analyzed the behavior of a single-electron pump operated by sinusoidal signals. We determined the expressions of a set of the harmonic gate signals which can operate an N-junction pump. Concerning the three-junction pump and four-junction pump, we analytically derived asymptotic formulas of the error rate against the pumped current caused by cotunneling and missed transition. As a result, the error rate of the three-junction pump operated by harmonic signals was the same as or less than that of the three-junction pump operated by well-known operation methods, namely, the operation by triangular signals or orthogonal sinusoidal signals. Our estimation shows that the error rate of the three-junction pump is sufficiently small to calibrate the 1.000 00 pA range of a commercially available high-sensitivity current meter.
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