Abstract
Static load tests of foundation piles are the basic method for the designing or verification of adopted design solutions which concern the foundation of a building structure. Preparation of a typical test station using the so-called inverted beam method is very expensive and labor-intensive. The settlement values of the loaded pile are usually recorded using accurate dial gauges. These gauges are attached to a reference beam located in close proximity to the pile under test, which may cause systematic errors (difficult to detect) caused by the displacement of the adopted reference beam. The application of geodetic methods makes it possible to maintain an independent, external reference system, and to verify the readouts from dial gauges. The article presents an innovative instrumentation for a self-balanced stand for the static load test made from a closed-end, double steel pipe. Instead of typical, precise geometric leveling, the semi-automatic measuring techniques were used: motorized total station measurement and terrestrial laser scanning controlled by a computer. The processing of the acquired data made it possible to determine the vertical displacements of both parts of the examined pile and compare displacements with the results from the dial gauges. On the basis of the excess of the collected observations, it was possible to assess the accuracy, which confirmed the usefulness of measuring techniques under study.
Highlights
Quality and capacity control procedures in civil engineering are followed during the production of building materials or structural elements and they usually consist of regular and random checks of internal strength
Geotechnical engineering demands far more complicated control procedures [1,2] since it includes highly variable geological data, expressed by very high standard deviations of ground parameters and cyclic load [3,4]. Both the quality, expressed by continuity, integrity, and the stiffness of foundations, and the capacity measured by means of the ability to carry imposed loads, must be thoroughly checked at every stage of the construction works to form the basis for the validation of design methods and for the prediction of further behavior of the foundations and the subsoil caused by their displacements
Constant development of measuring technologies brings an automation of displacement control and increases the accuracy of the results provided by new generations of instruments
Summary
Quality and capacity control procedures in civil engineering are followed during the production of building materials or structural elements and they usually consist of regular and random checks of internal strength. Geotechnical engineering demands far more complicated control procedures [1,2] since it includes highly variable geological data, expressed by very high standard deviations of ground parameters and cyclic load [3,4]. Both the quality, expressed by continuity, integrity, and the stiffness of foundations, and the capacity measured by means of the ability to carry imposed loads, must be thoroughly checked at every stage of the construction works to form the basis for the validation of design methods and for the prediction of further behavior of the foundations and the subsoil caused by their displacements (settlements and horizontal movements). The inspection of foundations of a building structure is always difficult due to the large size of elements, as well as the reduced accessibility
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