Abstract
In this article, we discuss numerical aspects related to the accuracy and the computational efficiency of numerical dosimetric simulations, performed in the context of human exposure to static inductive charging systems of electric vehicles. Two alternative numerical methods based on electric vector potential and electric scalar potential formulations, respectively, are here considered for the electric field computation in highly detailed anatomical human models. The results obtained by the numerical implementation of both approaches are discussed in terms of compliance assessment with ICNIRP guidelines limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields. In particular, different strategies for smoothing localized unphysical outliers are compared, including novel techniques based on statistical considerations. The outlier removal is particularly relevant when comparison with basic restrictions is required to define the safety of electromagnetic fields exposure. The analysis demonstrates that it is not possible to derive general conclusions about the most robust method for dosimetric solutions. Nevertheless, the combined use of both formulations, together with the use of an algorithm for outliers removal based on a statistical approach, allows to determine final results to be compared with reference limits with a significant level of reliability.
Highlights
T HE WIDE spreading of wireless power charging technologies has increased the public concern about potential effects of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by such equipment
The aim was to assess the reliability of internal field quantities and, in particular, the maximum E-field value that is the quantity to be compared with the basic restrictions (BRs) for induced electric field provided by ICNIRP Guidelines 2010
The analysis has been performed using different anatomical models and exposure conditions in order to investigate the main origin of local artefacts
Summary
T HE WIDE spreading of wireless power charging technologies has increased the public concern about potential effects of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by such equipment. Static inductive power transfer (IPT) is obviously the first stage of this technology, but the market penetration of this technology needs rigorous safety consideration for humans (drivers, passengers, and by-standers) because exposure to magnetic stray fields could be, to some extent, significant in the vicinity of EVs, considering the levels of electric power involved. This topic is of great relevance nowadays, as demonstrated by the numerous papers recently published in the literature (e.g., [1]–[10]). To the authors’ knowledge, the intercomparison of complementary finite element formulations, supplemented by the application of algorithms for outliers removal for the determination of the most appropriate metric for human exposure assessment in IPT systems, represents the main novelty of this article with respect to the relevant literature
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