Abstract
Abstract. The paper reports the results of an integrated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial photogrammetric survey realized in the archaeological site of the Roman theatre in Ventimiglia, Italy. The main deliverables were 2D drawings at scale 1:20, which required a Ground Sample Distance (GSD) less than 4 mm and, consequently, accuracy better than 4 mm. The UAV was employed to acquire both vertical and oblique images, while the terrestrial imaging acquisition was realized with the aim of generating separate dense point clouds of some vertical structures, corresponding to the sections required. The variability of results with automatic photogrammetric procedures against different image network configurations, with and without ground control, are analysed and presented.
Highlights
The use of automated photogrammetry for 3D digital recording and documentation has been becoming very popular over the last few years thanks to the evolution of new computer vision algorithms and computation techniques that have strongly speeded up the processing time, known to be a weak point of photogrammetry
Up to some years ago laser scanning was still the preferred 3D digitization technique, especially for large and complex areas for which photogrammetry was considered to be time consuming and difficult to use for nonexperts (Rizzi et al, 2011)
Several scientific publications have been published over the last three-five years focusing on the comparison and integration between laser scanning and automated photogrammetry/Structure From M otion (SfM) proving the equivalence of these techniques in specific real case studies in terms of reconstructed geometric details and achievable accuracy (Remondino et al, 2008; Skarlatos & Kiparissi, 2012)
Summary
The use of automated photogrammetry for 3D digital recording and documentation has been becoming very popular over the last few years thanks to the evolution of new computer vision algorithms and computation techniques that have strongly speeded up the processing time, known to be a weak point of photogrammetry. The complexity of the topic itself and the diversity of software implementation makes difficult to produce an extensive and deep analysis that takes into account obtained precision, accuracy and reliability against planned and expected values When it comes to automated image triangulation, researchers investigated the performances and reliability of existing commercial and open-source packages using large blocks of images (Barazzetti et al, 2011; Del Pizzo & Troisi, 2011; Gherardi et al, 2011; Roncella et al, 2011; Deseilligny & Clery, 2011; Remondino et al, 2012) most of the results were exposed in the image space as bundle adjustment statistics. An UAV was used to acquire both vertical and oblique images along different image strips which were combined with traditional terrestrial acquisitions
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