Accumulation, translocation, metabolism and subcellular distribution of mandipropamid in cherry radish: A comparative study under hydroponic and soil-cultivated conditions

Abstract

The accumulation and transportation of pesticides in plants can provide valuable insights to assess potential risks and ensure food safety. The uptake and downward translocation of mandipropamid were examined in hydroponic and soil-cultivated cherry radishes. The uptake of mandipropamid in cherry radish was rapid (bioconcentration factors of 1.1–10.7), whereas the downward translocation was limited (translocation factors of 0.1–0.9). The subcellular distribution results indicated a predominant accumulation in solid fractions of cherry radish (proportions of 52.9–98.7%), potentially because of the hydrophobicity (log Kow of 3.2) of mandipropamid. Owing to the decrease in half-life (>10%), the cultivation of cherry radish enhanced the dissipation of mandipropamid in both nutrient solutions (without stereoselectivity) and soils (with stereoselectivity). In addition, eleven metabolites and three pathways are proposed. This study provides valuable insights for the varying extent of translocation and proper utilization and safety evaluation of mandipropamid in crops.