Abstract
On natural acidic soil, statistically significant relationships between wheat yield and pigment content in leaves were established (for Chl a r = 0.910…0,949; Chl b = 0.925…0,967; for carotenoids in 2017 = 0.887;). Nitrogen fertilizer promoted an increase in pigment content in leaves (Chl a and Chl b - by 38…43%, carotenoids - by 16…22%). At phosphorus application, the content of chlorophylls increased by 44…83%, carotenoids - by 20…37%. The content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer of natural acidic soil is statistically significantly associated with the content of Chl b (r = 0.738 and 0.793 for 2017 and 2020, respectively) and the part of pigments included in light-harvesting complexes (r = 0.799 and 0.829, respectively). In 2020, statistically significant associations of mobile phosphorus content in soil and weight ratios of Chl a / Chl b (r = -0.815) and (Chl a + Chl b) / carotenoids (r = 0.840) were noted. Soil liming reduced the influence of phosphorus on the pigment complex of leaves: against a natural background, the increase in Chl content was 27…40%, against a limed background – 27…29%; for Chl b - on the contrary, liming increased its content by 93…108%, while on a natural background - only by 63…84%. On both soil backgrounds, the addition of phosphorus reduced the carotenoid content in wheat leaves (on a natural background - by 7…9%, on limed - by 17…23%).
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is the second macroelement after nitrogen that limits plant growth and development
The creation in the arable soil layer of an increase in the concentration of mobile phosphorus by 25-30% compared to the natural background creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of wheat plants
It can be noted that the application of nitrogen fertilizers on the natural background led to the same increase in wheat yields as the liming without fertilizers (2017) or even higher (2020)
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is the second macroelement after nitrogen that limits plant growth and development. It is involved in numerous cellular processes: activation of various enzymes, transfer of energy and regulatory signals, regulation of metabolic processes, etc. In acidic soils around the world, the bioavailability of phosphorus to plants is quite low due to the high levels of iron and aluminum [4], and its application is necessary to maintain modern crop production [5]. Improving the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers in wheat cultivation is one of the main goals of sustainable agricultural production [7]
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