Abstract
Salinization of agricultural lands, particularly rice paddies, results in the drastic decline of crop yields. Soil salinization impacts the plant physiology by inducing salt stress which may leads to osmotic stress, ionic stress and water-related nutrient imbalance. These imbalances necessitate the need for plants to produce osmolytes including proline and glycine betaine. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in proline and glycine betaine accumulation modulated by the inoculation of Brevibacterium linens RS16 in salt-sensitive and moderately salt-tolerant rice plants under salt stress conditions. This study showed the interaction of four major factors including rice genotypes with differing tolerance to salt stress, length of exposure to salt stress, level of salt stress and effects of inoculation. Salt stress resulted in significant reduction in plant growth parameters with the salt-sensitive rice genotype (IR29) having a more significant growth reduction. Both the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice genotypes increased in total proline and glycine betaine accumulation at 3 days and 10 days after subjecting under 50 mM and 150 mM salt stress conditions. A significant increase in proline and glycine betaine was observed in the salt-sensitive genotype after 10 days under 50 mM and 150 mM salt stress conditions. Inoculation of the rice genotypes with B. linens RS16 resulted in the improvement of plant growth parameters in both rice genotypes, and total proline and glycine betaine accumulation, especially in IR29. This study showed that proline and glycine betaine are compatible osmolytes of rice under salt stress, and that inoculation of rice genotypes with B. linens RS16 mediated salt tolerance through improvement of plant growth parameters and proline and glycine betaine accumulation in rice plants.
Highlights
Soil salinization has been affecting agriculture at a greater rate in the recent years
ANOVA results for the effects of salt stress and B. linens RS16 inoculation on growth parameters of salt‐sensitive and salt‐tolerant rice cultivars The results of the three-way factorial ANOVAs for the salt-sensitive cultivar (IR29) and the moderately salt-tolerant cultivar (FL478) displaying the effects of different main factors: time, B. linens RS16 inoculation and salt stress, as well as the interactions of these factors on the growth parameters and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine are presented in Tables 1 and 2
This study was conducted to determine who distinct motivations, viz., how does different rice cultivars accumulate compatible solutes based on their salt tolerance capacity, and how does the bacterial inoculation assist in enhance salt tolerance of rice cultivars through the accumulation of compatible solutes
Summary
Soil salinization has been affecting agriculture at a greater rate in the recent years. Plants produce a wide range of low molecular weight compounds which protect cellular damage against elevated concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [6]. They are known to play an important role in maintaining the osmotic balance in plants under salt stress [7]. Proline accumulation is generally observed in the cytosolic compartment of the plant cells and it plays a significant role in stabilization of cellular membranes, balancing cytosolic acidity, decreasing lipid peroxidation and protection of cellular structures by scavenging ROS [9]. Glycine betaine plays a wide range of roles such as sub-cellular membrane stabilization, scavenging of ROS and stabilization of the photosynthetic machinery [11]
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