Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the soil contamination and the accumulation of arsenic (As) and heavy metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 native and cultivated plant species in a Pb recycling area of Dong Mai village, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam. The analysis of 32 soil samples collected from seven different sites in the study area revealed that the contents of Al, Fe, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soils ranged from 6200–32,600, 11,300–55,500, 5.4–26.8, 24.9–290, 66.0–252, 143–455, 0.71–1.67, and 370–47,400 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in rice grains and the shoots of 15 plant species ranged from 0.14–10.2, 1.00–10.2, 5.19–23.8, 34.7–165, 0.06–0.99, and 2.83–1160 mg/kg-dry weight (DW), respectively. Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, a potential hyperaccumulator of Pb (1160 mg/kg-DW), is considered the best candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil. The cultivation of rice and vegetables, and the use of some native plants for food for humans, pigs, and cattle should be managed with consideration of the accumulation of Pb in their aboveground biomass.
Highlights
Contamination by heavy metals and metalloids is one of the most harmful forms of environmental pollution
The Pb recycling area is located in the Dong Mai Village, Chi Dao Commune, Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province, northern Vietnam
The soil sample pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 which is in the range of the pH value index of the soils in Vietnam [59] (Table 2)
Summary
Contamination by heavy metals and metalloids is one of the most harmful forms of environmental pollution. Being different from many organic pollutants, heavy metals and metalloids are not biodegradable and are more difficult to remediate. Heavy metals mainly enter plants via the soil or atmosphere [4,5]. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are micronutrients essential for plant growth, but they are toxic when present at high contents [6,7]. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and Pb are not essential elements [7,8,9,10] and are toxic to plants at contents of 5–20, 5–30, and 30–300 mg/kg tissue, respectively [11]
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