Accumulation of alkaloids in plants of the family Boraginaceae depending on environmental conditions places of growth

Amina A Akhkubekova,Aida Ya Tamakhina,S Knyazev,O Loretts,O Panfilova,V Kukhar,M Tsoy

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125402014

Amina A Akhkubekova, Aida Ya Tamakhina + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125402014

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Abstract

Due to the lack of information on the influence of environmental factors on the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their content in certain species of this family Boraginaceae, the aim of the study was to assess the level of alkaloids accumulation in the aboveground and under-ground parts of Symphytum asperum Lepech., S. caucasicum M. Bieb., Echium vulgare L., and Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. depending on climatic, orographic and edaphic conditions. The localization of alka-loids in rhizomes with roots, glandular trichomes of leaves and stems, epidermal cells was revealed. The content of alkaloids in the aboveground phytomass decreases in the series S. asperum ˃ S. caucasicum ˃ Е. vulgare, and in the underground S. caucasicum ˃ S. asperum ˃ Е. vulgare ˃ P. mollis. At the end of the growing season, an increase in the accumulation of alkaloids in the underground phytomass and a decrease in the aboveground one were noted. An increase in air temperature and a decrease in precipitation contribute to an increase in the accumulation of alkaloids in roots and shoots. The level of correlation between the accumulation of alkaloids and the content of trace elements varies from high (Cu, Zn, Mo) to medium (Mn, Pb). The results obtained indicate the need to take into account environmental factors in the implementation of medicinal collections and the preparation of feed from plants.

Highlights

To date, more than 1,500 alkaloids have been identified, which synthesize about 20% of vascular plants [1]
The accumulation level of alkaloids in the rhizomes and roots of S. caucasicum and S. asperum exceeds that in the shoots; at the end of the growing season, there is an increase in the total content of alkaloids in the roots and a decrease in the stems with leaves
In plants of E. vulgare, the content of alkaloids is higher in the aerial part; in the Seed Formation Stage, the accumulation of alkaloids in the stems with leaves decreases by 11.6%, and in the roots increases by 20.0%

Summary

Introduction

More than 1,500 alkaloids have been identified, which synthesize about 20% of vascular plants [1]. The accumulation of alkaloids depends on various factors (intensity of sunlight, water deficit, high air temperature at low relative humidity, an increase in nitrogen and calcium in the soil, salinity, soil pollution with heavy metals) [4,5,6]. The highest alkaloid content in the aboveground part of herbaceous plants is observed in the flowering phase, and in rhizomes it increases during the wilting phase of the aboveground parts [2]. In terms of chemical structure, alkaloids of species of the Boraginaceae family belong to the pyrrolizidine group. The toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is based on their ability to alkylate DNA, cause mutations and oncological diseases [8]. The most toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids are lasiocarpine, echimidine, and symphitine [9, 10]. The content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plants of the family. Boraginaceae varies from 0.04% to 0.6% [11]

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