Accumulation Dynamics of Starch and Its Granule Size Distribution of Cassava Genotypes at Different Growing Seasons

Anon Janket,Banyong Toomsan,Wanwipa Kaewpradit,Craig K Kvien,Carl Corley Holbrook,Nimitr Vorasoot,Poramate Banterng,Sanun Jogloy,Piyada Theerakulpisut

doi:10.3390/agriculture10090380

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate seasonal variation on starch production of different cassava genotypes planted under irrigated condition. Three cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 11 and CMR38-125-77) were evaluated in two different growing seasons, i.e., early rainy seasons (ERS) and post rainy seasons (PRS) for two years. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was employed in each growing season. The starch yield was more strongly associated with growing season (28.3%), whereas starch content, amylose content, amylose-amylopectin ratio were more associated with genotypes (19.9–30.7%). Planting cassava in the ERS had rapid growth rates of starch yield and granule size in early growth stages, whereas planting cassava in the PRS had rapid growth rates of these traits in the middle to late growth stages. Cassava planted in the PRS had higher starch yield than the ERS for most genotypes except for Rayong 11, which had no significant differences between growing seasons. The yield and content of starch and size of starch granule continuously increased from four to twelve months after planting (MAP) for most cassava genotypes. Unlike other genotypes, CMR38-125-77 in the ERS gave the highest starch yield and its granule at 10 MAP; however, at 12 MAP, it was still higher than other genotypes. CMR38-125-77 was a preferable genotype, since it had a faster rate of starch formation and more starch and amylose contents, as well as starch yield in both ERS and PRS.

Highlights

As the world’s human population is growing rapidly and is expected to hit eight billion in the decade [1], global energy security has become an urgent problem
Three cassava genotypes with different starch bulking times, i.e., CMR38-125-77, Kasetsart 50 (KU50; starch bulking starting at mid-stage) and Rayong 11 (RY11; starch bulking starting at the late growth stage), were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates
The results indicated that most cassava (Figure 3a–c), and sizes of the granules increased with time until final harvest for most growing seasons genotypes planted in the early rainy seasons (ERS) gave bigger starch granules than when planted in the post rainy seasons (PRS) at most and genotypes

Summary

Introduction

As the world’s human population is growing rapidly and is expected to hit eight billion in the decade [1], global energy security has become an urgent problem. Fuels from renewable sources, especially from biomass, have served the needs for the energy consumption of humanity, which are becoming increasingly important in the present and future times. In tropical and sub-tropical regions, cassava plays a important role in agricultural economics as the crop can be used to produce a variety of agricultural products, livestock feed and human food [3]. The area for agriculture in Thailand is limited compared to other big countries, Thailand is the largest cassava exporter in the world, and cassava production in the country has rapidly increased in recent years in response to industrial demand [4]. Strategies to improve the production of cassava are required and should be developed rapidly to respond to the demand for cassava

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