Abstract
. It is the specific approach taken and the exact rates utilized that differ among countries. In particular, regarding the differing approaches, much debate has been spurred concerning whether to adopt equal or differential discounting. Equal discounting is mostly used in practice and guidelines sometimes refer to pragmatic motivations, including consistency argu-ments or the ease to use one and the same rate for money and health. Differential discounting involves the application of a generally lower discount rate for health outcomes – for example, life years – moti -vated by ethical arguments on valuing life years for future generations or the potential increase in the monetary value of health-over-time related to differing growth rates in the economy and life expectancy
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