Abstract
Sleep disparities exist among Hispanics/Latinos, although little work has characterized individuals at the United States (US)–Mexico border, particularly as it relates to acculturation. This study examined the association of Anglo and Mexican acculturation to various facets of sleep health among those of Mexican descent at the US–Mexico border. Data were collected from N = 100 adults of Mexican descent in the city of Nogales, Arizona (AZ). Surveys were presented in English or Spanish. Acculturation was assessed with the Acculturation Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II). Insomnia was assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep apnea risk was assessed with the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index, weekday and weekend sleep duration and efficiency were assessed with the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and sleep duration and sleep medication use were assessed with PSQI items. No associations were found between Mexican acculturation and any sleep outcomes in adjusted analyses. Anglo acculturation was associated with less weekend sleep duration and efficiency, worse insomnia severity and sleep quality, and more sleep apnea risk and sleep medication use. These results support the idea that sleep disparities may depend on the degree of acculturation, which should be considered in risk screening and interventions.
Highlights
The process of acculturation is multifaceted, focusing on cultural adaptation of groups and individuals that come into continuous contact with each other
When analyses were stratified by sex, greater Mexican acculturation was associated with lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score for men (B = −1.75; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) −3.15 to −0.35; p = 0.015), but not women (B = 0.75; 95% CI −0.61 to 2.10; p > 0.05)
The present study identified associations between both Mexican and Anglo (i.e., American) acculturation and sleep disturbances among individuals of Mexican descent at the United States (US)–Mexico border
Summary
The process of acculturation is multifaceted, focusing on cultural adaptation of groups and individuals that come into continuous contact with each other. Additional dimensions of acculturation should be taken into account such as length of stay in the United States, age of immigration person’s experience including food preference, media preference, and self-defined acculturation level [18,19] This will help public health researchers better understand how the process of acculturation may influence health outcomes of individuals and their communities. Other studies suggested difficulties in sleep among Mexican-Americans, documenting problems in short sleep [24,25], insomnia [24,25,26], and sleep apnea risk [25] This highlights the importance of clarifying measurement issues using standardized measures and examining the role of acculturation rather than just group membership more broadly. Among participants, a greater degree of Anglo acculturation will be associated with poor sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and increased sleep medication use, whereas those of Mexican descent with less Anglo acculturation will have better sleep health
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