Accounting and the management of internal interdependencies: 14th century archival sources from the Comune of Siena

The fundamental regulations that govern the administration's effective management and safeguarding of public funds constitute the theoretical underpinnings of the administrative centre of excellence in public funds management. These foundations are linked to the same standards that established the existence of administrative law as a whole and the management of public funds in particular; thus, general philosophical foundations, including public utility theory, public authority theory, and modern theory, emerged. The most meritorious of these theories were the mixed theories whose contents are derived from the theories of public authority and public utility. This is due to the logical norms that this theory establishes regarding the management of public funds for the benefit of the public. Public ownership and discretionary power may be regarded as the pillars of a unique theory that effectively grants the administration control over its funds, as well as the flexibility and space these theories afford the administration to exercise its privileged position in the management of public funds.

Management of public funds in infrastructure projects in Indonesia is an important aspect that influences national development. Transparency and accountability in the use of public funds are the main focus, especially in accordance with Law no. 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services. This article aims to analyze the application of these principles in the management of public funds. The research method used is normative research, which includes literature studies, legal document analysis, and case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations in increasing transparency and accountability. The discussion includes an analysis of the legal norms governing the management of public funds as well as the challenges faced in their implementation. The research results show that although Law no. 2 of 2017 provides a clear legal framework, there are still weaknesses in implementing the principles of transparency and accountability, which could potentially lead to misuse of funds. The conclusion of this article emphasizes the need to strengthen regulations and more effective monitoring mechanisms to ensure efficient and responsible use of public funds, as well as increase public trust in the management of public funds.

The extent to which Information and communication technology (ICT) has been effectively utilized in the management of public funds remains a subject of inquiry and exploration. This study sought to explore the influence of ICT on the management of public funds in public institutions located in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effects of data collection management (DCM), information security management (ISM), and digital communication infrastructure (DCI) on public funds management. To gather the necessary data, a survey research design was employed, and primary data was collected. The target respondents included government officials, financial officers, ICT professionals, and civil society representatives. To ensure the inclusion of individuals with expertise and knowledge in the subject matter, a purposive sampling technique was utilized to distribute questionnaires. A total of 425 questionnaires were distributed to various public institutions, resulting in 358 completed responses. The research instrument's reliability was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha test, which yielded an average score of 80%. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive effect between data collection management, information security management, and digital communication infrastructure with public funds management in public institutions. Consequently, the study concluded that ICT plays a vital role in enhancing the management of public funds in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Effective practices in data collection management, information security management, and digital communication infrastructure were found to positively influence public funds management. As a recommendation, the study suggests that public institutions in Ekiti State prioritize the enhancement of their data collection management practices to improve their fund management processes.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt an empirical examination of government budgeting and expenditure processes in Nigeria, a developing country. It examines the current state of budgeting and public funds management (PFM) in Nigeria. It also examines the extent to which the government has used the budgetary mechanism to effectively manage the nation’s economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed simple regression estimation technique for data analysis. Time series data set of budgetary information was constructed from different archival sources over a 16-years period (2000-2015), majorly the national Appropriation Acts, press releases, regulatory and governmental reports, reports of Transparency International, World Bank and Central Intelligence Agency.FindingsThe findings confirm that the nation’s annual budgeting approach is defective and lags in achieving its fiscal objectives. The budget indicates a state of poor accountability and transparency in PFM. Findings also suggest that the level of economic development in Nigeria is not commensurate with the size of government expenditure.Practical implicationsThe paper draws the attention of the government to the need to restructure its approach to budgeting and adopt a more resilient approach that suits its environment and economic peculiarities in effort to ensure efficient management and accountability of public funds. The paper also offers value to other developing countries. It provides empirical evidence that explains an aspect why the African continent remains underdeveloped hitherto.Originality/valueThis paper lends a voice to the call for a restructuring of the Nigerian budgetary system and its implementation strategy. It advocates for the adoption of an alternative budgeting approach that matches Nigeria economic realities. The paper demonstrated that the traditional budgetary approach being used by many developing countries is limited in certain ways and could hinder sustainable development.

1997년 말 외환위기로 금융부실문제를 정상화시키기 위하여 금융구조조정 등에 자금이 지원되었는데 이를 통상적으로 공적자금의 지원이라고 한다. 현재 공적자금은 2000 년 12월에 제정된 공적자금관리특별법에서 정한 공적자금(I)과 2009년 5월 개정된 공적자금 관리특별법에 따른 구조조정기금으로서의 공적자금(II)로 구분되고, 2008년 2월 금융위원회의 설치 등에 관한 법률 개정에 따라 이에 대한 관리업무를 금융위원회가 맡고 있다. 공적자금의 순환은 자금의 조성, 지원, 회수, 상환 및 사후관리인 5단계를 거치게 된다. 공적자금은 예금보험공사와 자산관리공사가 발행한 채권을 정부가 보증하는 방식으로 공공차관 또는 국유재산 등에서 조달한 공공자금으로 조성된다. 문제는 공적자금이 원칙에 맞지 않게 회수와 상환과정을 거치면 그 최종적인 책임은 정부가 지게 되고, 이는 고스란히 국민부담으로 된다. 더욱이 공적자금의 상환계획기간인 25년을 넘긴다면 공적자금 수혜세대와 상환세대가 달라져 세대갈등의 요인이 될 수 있다. 그러므로 공적자금의 회수 및 상환은 매우 엄격하게 이루어져야 한다. 현재 공적자금의 회수 절차에서는 회수율에 왜곡이 심각하다. 회수금액은 원리금이 아닌 원금을 기준으로 하고 있고 실제로 시간가치가 고려되고 있지는 아니하다. 또한 출자방식으로 한 공적자금의 지원의 경우 수령한 배당금도 공적자금 회수에 포함하고 있어 이에 대한 적절성이 문제가 된다. 또 다른 문제점으로는 2002년 ‘제1기 공적자금관리위원회’ 기간에 공적자금의 회수와 관련하여 그 상환의 불확실성이 있다고 판단하고 상환대책을 마련하였는데 당시 정부는 공적자금의 회수가 용이하지 않다고 추정되는 부채 69조원 중 재정과 금융회사 분담비율을 각각 49조원과 20조원으로 나누어 분담하는 것으로 정하고, 매 5년마다 이를 재산정하도록 한 바 있다. 그런데 최근 논의를 보면 초기와는 다른 시장환경이 조성되었음에도 불구하고 국가재 정의 의존도가 높은 49:20을 고수하려는 것은 문제가 있다. 공적자금 상환과 관련하여 가장 큰 문제는 공적자금 지원의 주원인이 은행권에서 발생한 것인데 공적자금 상환부담이 보험권에 과중하다는 것이다. 현행 보험권 예금보험료 및 상환 기금 특별기여금의 산정체계는 은행 등 타 금융업권 대비 불합리한 요소들이 있어 이에 대한 시급한 수정이 불가피하다. 이상의 문제점은 합리적인 근거와 형평성의 제고 차원에서 다시 논의되어져야 한다.In order to resolve the insolvency of the financial institutions due to Korean Financial Crisis in 1997, the Korean government (through its agency) provided the funds to the financial institution for the reorganization, which is called “publically supported funds”. The publically supported funds are classified to the public fund I pursuant to “Special Act on the Management of Public Funds” enacted in 2000 and public fund II pursuant to “Special Act on the Management of Public Funds” revised in 2009. Since 2008, the Financial Services Commission has been in charge of this work pursuant to “Act on the Establishment, etc. of Financial Services Commission” revised in 2008. The cycle of public funds goes through five stages: funding, support collection, repayment, and ex post facto management. The public funds are financed from the public loans or state-owned properties in a way of the bonds issued by the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation and Korea Asset Management Corporation, and the bonds are guaranteed by the Korean government. However, if a financial institution which supported by public fund repay the money in accordance with the “principle”, the final responsibility will be borne by the government, and this will be borne by the public. Moreover, if the repayment period for public funds exceeds 25 years, it will be a factor of generation conflict due to the difference between beneficiaries and reimbursement parties. Therefore, the collection and repayment of public funds must be very strict. At present, there is a serious distortion in the recovery rate in the process of collecting public funds. The collection amount is only based on principal without the reflection of the time value. Also, in the case of the support of public funds in the way of equity, it requires the further study on adequacy in terms of the received dividend in the way of the collection for the supported public fund. The second issue is government policy. The government decided to share total debt amount, 69 trillion won which was uncertain about the repayment of related to the recovery of the public funds between the national finance and the financial institutions into 49 trillion won and 20 trillion won. Because of the uncertainty of repayment and recovery, the 1st Public Fund Management Committee pointed out it and the committee arranged another plan for it. However, in recent discussions, it is problematic to adhere to the ration, 49:20, which is highly dependent on national finances, despite the market environment is changed. The last material issue with the repayment of the public fund is that the liability to repay the public fund is heavily weighted to insurance industry even though the main reason for supporting public funds has occurred in the banking industry. The current calculation system of the deposit insurance premium and the special assessment in the insurance industry has unfairness in comparison with other indu stry such as banks. It is inevitable to amend the current calculation system. The above-mentioned issues should be discussed again in terms of rational basis and equity.

Zakat Management Organization is an organization that is authorized and obliged to implement the system and management of public funds. As a country with a Muslim population of 87%, the potential amount of zakat is very large, the latest measurement of zakat potential in Indonesia according to Puskas (2019) reached Rp 233.9 trillion. As the person in charge and management of public funds, of course, the management of the zakat management organization must have good performance in order to gain the trust of the muzaki. However, in its development, it turns out that there are still many people who lack trust in conducting zakat transactions in official government organizations. This study used quantitative data with secondary data from the Puskasbaznas index. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of zakat managers. The results showed that there was a significant influence between zakat literacy and Sharia compliance on performance, while zakat transparency did not have a significant effect on performance. Meanwhile, simultaneously, zakat literacy, zakat transparency, and Sharia compliance have a significant effect on the performance of zakat managers.

This study aims to shed light on the High Authority for Transparency, Prevention and Combating Corruption as an independent constitutional institution established to promote the principles of transparency, integrity and accountability in the management of public funds, and to reduce the phenomenon of corruption, which is one of the pillars upon which the rule of law is built. The establishment of this institution came in response by the constitutional founder to the international and regional conventions ratified by Algeria, which urge in their content the necessity of reducing the phenomenon of corruption. This was reinforced by the constitutional amendment of 2020, which included many provisions that enshrine the principles of transparency, integrity and accountability in the management of public funds and property. The High Authority for Transparency, Prevention and Combating Corruption was established pursuant to Articles (204-205), granting it broader powers than those previously granted to the National Authority for the Prevention of Corruption. Within the framework of the powers granted to the High Authority, the annual report for the year 2022 was issued, which included many of the Authority’s achievements in combating corruption, which warrant citing it.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented new challenges in governance in Indonesia, including increasing opportunities for corruption in the management of public funds. This study aims to examine the influence of internal factors, such as the weakness of the internal control system, and external factors, such as inflation, on corruption during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used panel data analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) software in 32 provinces in Indonesia during the 2018-2021 period. The findings show that inflationary pressures significantly affect corruption actions, while weaknesses in the internal control system do not show a significant effect. These results indicate that the pandemic, in addition to being a health crisis, also provides opportunities for corrupt practices due to weak supervision. The implications of this study emphasize the need to improve internal control systems and holistic anti-corruption strategies, including increased transparency and accountability in the management of public funds during emergencies.

Cash misappropriation allegations have rocked the public sector, and this has continued to threaten the accountability obligation of the government. To redeem their image, governments have continued introducing policies to reduce financial leakages and promote accountability in the management of public funds. This study, therefore, investigates the effect of cash management policies on accountability in federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Ondo State, with a focus on policies such as the treasury single account system, the government integrated financial management information system, and the integrated personnel payroll information system.The study employed a primary data method through the administration of a questionnaire. The study adopted a survey research design to obtain information. The population of the study consists of 385 directors and heads of federal ministries, departments, and agencies in Ondo State with a sample size of one hundred and fifty (150) directors and heads of MDAs, which were selected using a purposive sampling technique because data for the study were directly obtained from the targeted respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as kurtosis, skewness, median, mean, standard deviation, and ordinary least square regression. The study's findings revealed that a treasury single account with a coefficient of 0.5703 and a p-value of 0.0000 positively affected accountability, and increased transparency led to an increase in federal MDA compliance. Government integrated financial information systems with a coefficient of 0.7115 and p-value of 0.0000 measures for cash management policies had a significant effect on accountability, and integrated personnel payroll information systems with a coefficient of 0.6301 and p-value of 0.000 positively impacted accountability.The study concluded that the treasury single account, government integrated financial information system, and the integrated personnel payroll information system significantly influence accountability. The study recommended that government authorities maintain treasury single account policies to increase government revenue because they have positively affected accountability. Also, several measures towards developing sound, effective and efficient government policy on TSA must be implemented in tandem with the Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), Integrated Personnel Payroll Information System (IPPIS) for a sound public sector accounting system.

Türkiye’de camilerin inşaası ve mülkiyeti farklı dernek, vakıf ve kişilere ait bulunmaktadır. Yönetimi, tamir ve bakımı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından yapılmaktadır. Özellikle camilerin yapılacağı yer, mimarisi ve sağlamlığı gibi merkezi bir planlama ve organizasyon gerektiren işlerin bunları yöneten kurumca yerine getirilmesi daha uygun olacaktır. Camiler çoğunlukla gönüllü bağışları ile yapılmakta ancak bağışçının istediği yerde ve istediği biçimde yapılmaktadır. Bu da beraberinde estetik, güvenlik ve ihtiyacı karşılama gibi özelliklerin ihmal edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Camilerin tamir ve bakımı Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığınca yönetilecek bir fon tarafından üstlenilmesi bütün bu olumsuzlukları ortadan kaldırabilir. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Cami Yapımı ve Bakımı Fonu kurularak camiler; güzel ve kalıcı eserlere dönüşebilir. Fon bir kamu kurumuna ait olduğu için benzer nitelikteki fonların esas alınması gerekecektir. Benzer fonları inceleyen makale ve ilgili mevzuat incelenmiş olup buna uygun bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Fonun yapısı ve işleyişi başka çalışmalara konu olabilecek niteliktedir. Bütçe ve muhasebe düzeni ayrıntılı olmadan genel hatları ile ele alınacak; belge düzeni ve ayrıntılı hesap planı dışarıda bırakılacaktır. İlk bölümde ülkemizdeki camilerin durumu, yapımı ve yönetimi ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilecek, fon kurulmasının nedenleri ve sonuçları belirtilecektir. Daha sonra fonun gelirleri ve giderleri ile bütçesi ele alınacaktır. Son bölümde hesap çerçevesi ve muhasebe düzeni incelenecektir.

<p>The study entitled “Analysis of planning, budgeting and accounting functions of Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMIS) and public funds management in the local government. Case of Nyamasheke District, Rwanda (2015-2022)” was conducted to achieve three specific objectives such as: to analyze the significance of IFMIS planning function on public fund management in Nyamasheke District, to assess the significance of IFMIS budgeting function on public fund management in Nyamasheke District and to examine the significance of IFMIS accounting function on public fund management in Nyamasheke District. To achieve study objectives, the study used descriptive, quantitative, and correlative research designs. Primary data and secondary data also were used. Primary data were collected from 152 staff in Nyamasheke district who have relation to the IFMIs use and management from different entities from district to sector level. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and documentation. Data analysis was done with the support of SPSS version 20 to generate a linear regression model and bivariate correlation model as well as descriptive statistics. The study findings show that the model had an F ratio of 42.474 and the P value was 0.000<0.000, signifying that the F ratio was statistically significant, therefore the overall regression model for all the variables tested was statistically significant and can be used for prediction at 5% significant level. This further indicates that the predictor variables (Planning (P), Budgeting (B), and Accounting (A) used in this study as IFMIS functions are statistically significant to the public fund management in Nyamasheke District. Therefore, the formulated Null Hypothesis stating that there is no significant influence of IFMIS planning, budgeting, and accounting IFMIS functions on the public fund management in Nyamasheke District, failed to be accepted in favor of the alternative hypothesis or its opposite. The conclusion of the study relies on the acceptance or failure to accept study hypothesizes. Based on the H0 or Null Hypothesis “There is no significant influence of IFMIS planning, budgeting, and accounting IFMIS functions on the performance of public fund management in Nyamasheke District” the results show that the planning, budgeting, and accounting as IFMIS functions each contribute 68% to the implementation of public funds management in the local government, case of Nyamasheke District. Due to that, the conclusion relies on the rejection of the Null Hypothesis and considers the alternative hypothesis or its opposite.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>M10; M40; M41</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0057/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The purpose of the study was to find out the influence of devolved governance system in participation management of public funds in Meru and Tharaka Nithi counties in Meru community. Devolved governance system in Kenya has taken root with the central government devolving funds, policies and programs with minimal involvement of the people on the grass root level.. Since the advent of devolution it is critical to find out whether people have taken the initiative to influence governance and be involved in fund management. The research questions guiding the study were: What is the influence of Devolved System of Governance in managing funds in County Governments in Meru Community? What is the influence of devolution and public participation in governance of County Governments in Meru Community? How does devolution and political representation in counties influence performance of governance in County Governments in Meru Community? To which extent does devolution and public participation in decision making is being institutionalized by county governments in Meru community?  What is the effectiveness of control activities in the management of public funds in county governments in Meru community? The research was conducted in Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties and through purposeful sampling had two case studies from each county in Meru community. Data was collected using guided interviews and semi structured questions. The data was collected through a focus group discussion, documents and audio-visual materials..   The study examined the literature review to understand devolved governance system and its practice globally, regionally and in Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties. The theoretical framework was anchored on the governance theory, devolution theory, management theory and participation theory which imply that citizens are able to participate in fund management. The study findings indicated that the devolved system of governance is able to improve on financial planning, which eases the decision making process. It improves the transparency on financial matters and there is accountability on financial utilization which has influenced the financial management in Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties.  The study concluded that public participation is a pivotal factor in the budgeting process as optimal participation by the public reduces instances of fractious processes and the budgets captured the wishes of the masses. The essence of assuring public participation is requisite in the quest to have openness in budget making. Keywords: Devolved governance system, Participation, management, Public Funds.

The public sector has always been of interest to various researchers and specialists because of its specificity and way of organizing the movement of public money. Every year, governments are committed to properly planning and spending public funds through various ministries and agencies to implement government programs and activities. Public revenues and expenditures are a real key factor in economic stimulus to each country’s economic growth. Therefore, governments seek to identify and enforce the right mechanisms for the effective and efficient management of public funds so as to comply with certain regulatory rules and regulations. Governments representing the respective state authorities have adopted the general unwritten requirement that the quality public management of public funds leads to the realization of successful governmental programs and activities. For this reason, the overall state administration covers the activities of all state bodies. The state’s impact on society and its components is complex and purposeful. It is manifested in the activities of all types of bodies—representative, executive, and judicial. Typical of this impact is its dominance, without which the state government itself cannot be realized.

Implementing a budget task force is part of a new approach to administering public finance. Its essence is the management of public funds by objectives. Budgeting prompts a more efficient and transparent management of public funds and allows for efficient long-term economic planning. The article presents solutions for the budget task force in selected EU countries and discusses the implementation of a budget task force in Poland as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using a task force as opposed to sticking with classic budgeting. The practical section of the work shows a solution proposed for the customs administration. It shows those tasks the customs administration is charged with performing, the objectives, and the measures. The summary examines the problems that arose in the context of the performance budget in government administration.

This study focuses on the analysis of public fund expenditure in the livestock sector in North Lombok Regency, with an emphasis on improving the government's internal control system. Using 2022 livestock data and cash expenditure data, this study evaluates the efficiency of the use of public funds, identifies risks and efforts to prevent misuse of funds, and highlights the importance of developing an effective internal control system. The results of this study illustrate the potential for improvement in the management of public funds, by maximizing its positive impact on the growth of the livestock sector and community welfare in North Lombok Regency. The findings of this study provide a basis for stakeholders to adopt improvements in the internal control system, maintain transparency, and increase efficiency in the management of public funds for the purpose of sustainable development of the livestock sector