ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION OF THE ACTIVITY RESULTS OF ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The financial condition of an entity depends on many factors, the most important of which is financial independence, which is the guarantor of a positive financial result, ie profit. The object of research is the system of accounting and taxation of performance. The subject of the research is theoretical-methodical and scientific-practical principles of accounting and taxation of financial results of enterprises by its types. Theoretical and methodical bases of scientific research became general scientific and special methods: abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations of research results and formulation of conclusions); statistical research, in particular, comparisons (to analyze the financial performance of a limited liability company); tabular (for clarity of presentation of the material), grouping (to summarize the results of the study), hypotheses and assumptions (to justify their own opinion).The information base of the research was the legislative and bylaws of Ukraine, financial statements of the business entity, publications in periodicals, monographs, works of domestic authors, Internet resources. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the content of financial results as an accounting category and to disclose the practice of their accounting and taxation in order to make proposals to improve the accounting support for the formation of results of activities. In order to manage financial results, the internal and external factors influencing their formation are characterized. According to the results of a thorough study of the legal framework and scientific opinions expressed his opinion on the essence of the studied category: financial results – is the final indicator of the enterprise, which is determined by comparing income and expenses by its types and manifests itself as net profit (positive result) or uncovered loss).Two basic approaches to the calculation of financial results of the enterprise, which have some variations in different countries, are revealed. It is proved that the correctness of the formation of the financial result of the enterprise depends on the reliability and objectivity of recognition, evaluation, classification and methods of accounting for its constituent components – income and expenses, in terms of classification features of economic activity. The classification groups of income and expenses are revealed and the method of their accounting is characterized. The complexity of accounting for the financial result of the activity is clarified. Modern approaches to determining financial results do not ensure the quality of information needed to make management decisions. Today there is some inconsistency in the classification of activities and sub-accounts of accounting, which are formed and determined financial results. This, in turn, makes it impossible to assess business risks and make objective decisions. In order to ensure the formation of objective information for the analysis of the results of the enterprise and rational decisions, it is proposed to determine the only classification characteristics of the results of its activities and clearly define the composition of sub-accounts to account 79 «Financial results».It is proposed to develop a clear mechanism for determining the income tax and assigning it to financial results – to specific sub-accounts of account 79 «Financial results».