Abstract
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), the most south eastern district of Bangladesh snowballed into trouble spot during late second half of the twentieth century because of conflict between the Chakmas (a local tribe) and the Government of Bangladesh, on the issue of tribal autonomy. Further, the turmoil in the CHT leading to influx of refugees to India added a new bone of contention in the relationship of India and Bangladesh. Under these circumstances, the Government of Bangladesh, under the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina Wajid, realised that the suppressive steps would lead to further aggravation of the situation, and she courageously came forward to negotiate with the Chakmas. Ultimately, the Chakma Accord was signed on 2 December 1997. Although this invited severe criticism from her opponents, she proved a successful step to bring peace in the area. Therefore, this issue needs critical analysis. Hence, an effort has been made to study the Chakma problem in its totality that is its historical background, insurgent activities and oppression of the tribals, Chakmas Accord of 1997 and its critical implementation
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