Abstract
The in vitro propagation techniques are commonly used to produce ornamental pineapple seedlings in commercial scale, aiming to attend the growers with genetic and sanitary quality seedlings. However, the choice of the ideal substrate is essential for the acclimatization and growth stage of the seedlings propagated by this technique, since some substrates can increase the seedling mortality and/or limit the seedling growth due to its physical and chemical characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acclimatization of ornamental pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. var. ananassoides (Baker) Coppens & Leal] on different substrates. Seedlings with approximately seven centimeters, obtained from in vitro culture, were transplanted into styrofoam trays filled with the following substrates: sphagnum; semi-composed pine bark; carbonized rice husk; sphagnum + semicomposed pine bark; sphagnum + carbonized rice husk; and semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk. Each treatment was replicated five times using 10 plants. At 180 days, there were evaluated the following variables: survival percentage, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, largest root length, and shoot and root dry matter. The substrate semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk presented the lowest mean (62%) for survival percentage. The semi-composed pine bark and semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk treatments presented significant increments in some evaluated biometric characteristics. The semi-composed pine bark is the most favorable substrate for the A. comosus var. ananassoids acclimatization.
Highlights
In Brazil, Ceara state stands out in the production and exportation of ornamental pineapple stems, which have been widely used in several European and North American countries; ornamental pineapple has been used increasingly in recent years due to its exotic appearance, especially its pleasing colors, as well as long postharvest life (CARVALHO et al, 2009; SOUZA et al, 2012; SOUZA et al, 2014)
The physical and chemical characterization of the substrates was carried out at the beginning of the experiment, according to the methodology proposed by Kämpf et al (2006) to assess the apparent density (g L-1), water retention capacity, pH and electrical conductivity (Table 1)
Ornamental pineapple seedlings acclimatized on different substrates presented losses around 10%, except to the seedlings acclimatized on semi-composed pine bark + carbonized rice husk (PB + CRH) mixture, which was observed 38% of seedlings mortality (Table 2)
Summary
In Brazil, Ceara state stands out in the production and exportation of ornamental pineapple stems, which have been widely used in several European and North American countries; ornamental pineapple has been used increasingly in recent years due to its exotic appearance, especially its pleasing colors, as well as long postharvest life (CARVALHO et al, 2009; SOUZA et al, 2012; SOUZA et al, 2014). The pineapple [Ananas comosus (L) Merr.] presents broad genetic diversity, mainly in Brazil, one of the origin centers and dispersion of these Bromeliaceae (SOUZA et al, 2007; CRESTANI et al, 2010; SOUZA et al, 2012). 258 Acclimatization and growth of ornamental pineapple seedlings under organic substrates erectifolius, A. comosus var. According to Souza et al (2007) and Souza et al (2012), these genotypes present shapes and color diversity that stand out for their beauty, originality, and durability of their fruits and leaves
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