Abstract
Notwithstanding the enforcement of ATEX EU Directives (94/9/EC of 23 March 1994) and safety management system application, explosions in the coal sector still claim lives and cause huge economic losses. Even a consolidated activity like coke dry distillation allows the opportunity of preventing explosion risk connected to fugitive emissions of coke oven gas. Considering accidental releases under semi-confined conditions, a simplified mathematical approach to the maximum allowed gaseous build-up is developed on the basis of the intrinsic hazards of the released compound. The results will help identifying and assessing low rate release consequences therefore to set-up appropriate prevention and control measures. The developed methodology was tested at the real-scale and validated by numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations showing the effectiveness of the methodology to evaluate and mitigate the risk connected to confined hazardous releases.
Highlights
Coal still represents an abundant energy resource in USA, China and Europe and with the development of the coal chemical industry, coke oven gas (COG) is widely used in the process industry and power production
Coke oven gas is a by-product of coal carbonization to coke which is co-generated during the dry distillation process [2] and it clearly reflects the characteristics of parent coal
1.25–1.65 t of coal produces 1 t of coke, in connection with approximately 300–360 m3 of COG (6–8 GJ/t coke), while currently 20%–40% of produced COG is normally utilized as fuel in the actual coke oven [3]
Summary
Coal still represents an abundant energy resource in USA, China and Europe and with the development of the coal chemical industry, coke oven gas (COG) is widely used in the process industry and power production. Coal can be defined as a complex sedimentary rock, a heterogeneous mixture of higher-plant-derived organic materials which have undergone chemical changes in connection with the depositional environment and the diagenetic history. The most common coal classification is by rank, i.e., the degree of coalification that organic plant sediment has reached in its metamorphosis from peat to near-graphite-like material [1]. Coke oven gas is a by-product of coal carbonization to coke which is co-generated during the dry distillation process [2] and it clearly reflects the characteristics of parent coal. 1.25–1.65 t of coal produces 1 t of coke, in connection with approximately 300–360 m3 of COG (6–8 GJ/t coke), while currently 20%–40% of produced COG is normally utilized as fuel in the actual coke oven [3]
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