Abstract
Accessory chromosomes are reported in four mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. In Brachythecium glareosum the basic chromosome complement is n = 9. In some gatherings two and in others three accessory chromosomes were observed. In B. velutinum the basic number is n = 10, but n = 10 + 2 accessory chromosomes were observed in one population. Two species of Homalothecium, H. lutescens and H. sericeum, have the basic chromosome number n = 10 in common. In some gatherings of both species one accessory chromosome was observed and in one population of H. sericeum three accessory chromosomes were found. The properties of the accessory chromosomes in mitosis, as well as the terms accessory chromosomes and m-chromosomes and the interpretation of the interphase nucleus in mosses are discussed. References are made to the behavior of the accessory chromosomes in meiosis, and also previously published chromosome complements for some species of Brachythecium and Homalothecium are interpreted on the basis of the results reported in this paper.
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