Abstract
Abstract. Color is part of the visual variables in map, serving an aesthetic part and as a guide of attention. Impaired color vision affects the ability to distinguish colors, which makes the task of decoding the map colors difficult. Map reading is reported as a challenging task for these observers, especially when the size of stimuli is small. The aim of this study is to review existing methods for map design for color vision deficient users. A systematic review of research literature and case studies of map design for CVD observers has been conducted in order to give an overview of current knowledge and future research challenges. In addition, relevant research on simulations of CVD and color image enhancement for these observers from other fields of industry is included. The study identified two main approaches: pre-processing by using accessible colors and post-processing by using enhancement methods. Some of the methods may be applied for maps, but requires tailoring of test images according to map types.
Highlights
Being one of the visual variables proposed by Jacques Bertin (Bertin 1983), color is considered a key element in cartography
The aim of this study is to review and evaluate existing methods for map design for color vision deficiencies (CVD) observers and, unveil challenges that are yet to be conquered
Review of existing research on accessible map design for CVD observers revealed that even though map reading is reported challenging for these observers, most maps are designed without regarding CVD
Summary
Being one of the visual variables proposed by Jacques Bertin (Bertin 1983), color is considered a key element in cartography. People with color vision deficiencies (CVD) experience difficulties to recognize, extract and interpret objects when colors are used to code information. The aim of this study is to review and evaluate existing methods for map design for CVD observers and, unveil challenges that are yet to be conquered. A systematic review of literature and case studies of map design was conducted in order to give an overview of current knowledge and future research challenges. The paper is organized as follows, first a background section is given covering topics concerning color, color vision deficiencies and how this relates to cartography and map reading. A section describing related work and methods to enhance accessibility of color coded images for CVD observers, followed by a discussion of existing knowledge and proposed work based on these findings
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