Abstract
Cities can enhance their sustainability planning by prioritizing accessibility as a performance metric for transportation planning. In this context, accessibility measures the ease of reaching opportunities and captures more characteristics of sustainable cities than the more conventionally used mobility metrics, focusing on the overall ability to move and generally recommending faster speeds to overcome distance. However, how cities can prioritize accessibility in planning is understudied. This research presents a case of Tempe, Arizona, putting accessibility into practice through a 20-min lens. Using a 20-min threshold for all modes, the city aims to promote travel for daily activities that is less reliant on private autos. The analysis presented here documents the challenges that planners face when planning for accessibility. The challenges range from technical points to decisions that need to be made about the quality of the built environment. The analysis also shows that Tempe, which is a classically suburban city of wide roads and single-family homes that was built around the automobile, is highly accessible by a 20-min metric by bicycling, walking and transit. These results suggest that planners focus on street network improvements that prioritize accessibility as part of a sustainability strategy.
Highlights
Transport planning and engineering have long been focused on improving mobility over accessibility [1]
Accessibility is commonly used as a measure of social equity [10], which is a component of urban social sustainability [11]
Recreation destinations showed the highest level of accessibility through low stress bicycling, while special events destinations showed the lowest levels
Summary
Transport planning and engineering have long been focused on improving mobility over accessibility [1]. Mobility is defined as our ability to travel, while accessibility is defined as the ease of reaching destinations. Accessibility research has developed measures of access to opportunities [2,3,4,5,6,7], and more cities and regions are looking to accessibility improvements as a guiding principle for transport goals. Silva and Pinho [8] created a tool called the Structural Accessibility Layer (SAL) to measure accessibility considering how many, and what types, of destinations can be reached within a time budget through three different modes. Accessibility is commonly used as a measure of social equity [10], which is a component of urban social sustainability [11]
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