Abstract
Bogotá, a paradigmatic case of urban (re)development driven by transport interventions, began transforming its public transport system anew in mid-2010. It was not until 2012 when a gradual implementation of the new integrated public transport system of Bogotá (SITP in Spanish) began. By 2015, about 74% of the new bus routes were implemented. The considerable changes in supply and operational models for public transport during this period redefined travel conditions, having a direct impact on accessibility. Our research analyzes observable changes in accessibility to jobs and houses at both the home and work ends of trips as a result of differences in travel time for respondents to a household travel survey in Bogotá between 2011 and 2015. The paper presents a cross-sectional analysis of accessibility changes, pinpointing low accessibility levels facilitated by the current public transport system to the most deprived groups of Bogotá. Results are presented as access curves by socioeconomic levels and zones that estimate the time required to access workplaces via public transport. Results show that the location of low-income settlements implies a disadvantage as a consequence of spatial segregation that increases distances to job-opportunities. Five years after the implementation of the SITP, public transport in Bogotá still fails to improve accessibility, reinforcing gaps between rich and poor groups instead of closing them.
Highlights
The spatial distribution of opportunities across the urban territory is a meaningful explanatory factor in the reproduction of access disparities between transport users at different locations
Our paper presented the application of a frequently used accessibility indicator to evidence mismatches between public transport policy and the distribution of transport disadvantage in the city of Bogotá. This is a relevant finding from a road transport sustainability point of view as it can inform operational decision making that decreases spatio-environmental inequalities as well as accelerate uptake of public transport in under-served areas
Our paper contributes to debates around transport disadvantage caused by well-intended transport reforms
Summary
The spatial distribution of opportunities across the urban territory is a meaningful explanatory factor in the reproduction of access disparities between transport users at different locations. Public transport systems, are crucial in reaching necessary social and economic opportunities offered by urban areas in a sustainable and efficient manner. A balanced combination of transport infrastructure, fare policies and operational models that help redistributing connectivity can diminish transport disadvantages of deprived social groups in society [3]. This social objective is compatible with rising concerns around transitioning to sustainable forms of mobility in a context of reduction of carbon emissions and promotion of public and non-motorized transport
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