Abstract
China's rapid economic development has led to inequality in terms of property, education, and health. Equal access to basic public facilities has become a key concern of inclusive development policies. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the effects of different travel modes on the accessibility of basic public facilities. The present research fills this gap. Taking Xiamen city as a case study, it explores the degrees of horizontal and vertical equity by examining the accessibility of various basic public facilities, paying attention to different travel modes and travel times. The results for Xiamen city show that disadvantaged groups experience a greater level of inequity. By taking these aspects into account, one is better equipped to identify areas in the city where access to basic public facilities is in need of substantial improvement.
Highlights
There has been a growing scholarly interest in the accessibility of public facilities in the past few decades (Kirby et al, 1983; Talen & Anselin, 1998; Grubesic & Durbin, 2017)
Google/Baidu/Gaode maps API can provide an origin/destination (OD) travel time matrix based on actual routes and traffic conditions for different travel modes, which is more useful than the information provided by the commonly used ArcGIS Network Analyst (Wang & Xu, 2011)
As open data sources provide real-time traffic data, which can improve the reliability of data, we developed from the Gaode API a travel time matrix for walking, public transportation, and driving
Summary
There has been a growing scholarly interest in the accessibility of public facilities in the past few decades (Kirby et al, 1983; Talen & Anselin, 1998; Grubesic & Durbin, 2017). Relatively few studies have considered a systematic approach to examining the level of accessibility of various urban public facilities (Ashik et al, 2020; Taleai et al, 2014; Tsou et al, 2005) These studies have provided a good starting point for measuring the integrated accessibility of various public facilities, several improvements are needed. According to China’s “Standard for urban public service facilities planning,” the service radius of districtlevel public facilities (e.g., public libraries, cultural centers, senior citizens activity centers, and public sports centers) ranges from 4000 to 7000 m for a city with a population of 3 million (Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, 2018) In comparison to this broad range of service radius, travel time may better reflect the differences in time use.
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