Access to Surgery and Quality of Care for Acute Cholecystitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 and 2021 — an Analysis of 12,545 Patients from a German-Wide Hospital Network

Abstract

PurposeTo determine effects on admission, treatment, and outcome for acute cholecystitis during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. MethodsRetrospective analysis of claims data from 74 German hospitals. Study periods were defined from March 5, 2020 (start of first wave) to June 20, 2021 (end of third wave) and compared to corresponding control periods (March 2018 to February 2020). All in-patients with acute cholecystitis were included. Distribution of cases, type of surgery, comorbidities, surgical outcome, and length of stay of all cases with acute cholecystitis and cholecystectomy were compared. In addition, we analyzed the type of treatment (non-surgical, cholecystostomy, or cholecystectomy) for all cases with main diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. ResultsWe could not demonstrate differences in daily admissions over the course of the pandemic (11.2–12.7 patients vs. 11.9–12.6 patients for control periods). Proportion of patients with non-surgical treatment was low and not increased (11.7–17.3% vs. 14.5–18.4%). Cholecystostomy was rare throughout all periods (0–0.5% of all patients). We did not observe an increase in open surgery (proportion of open cholecystectomies 3.4–5.5%). Mortality was generally low (1.5–1.9%) with no differences between periods. Median length of stay was 4 days throughout all periods. ConclusionThe numerous restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic did not result in an increase of admissions or surgery for acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been safely applied during the pandemic. Our results may assure the ability to maintain high quality of surgical care even in times of disruptions to the health care system.