Access to Improved Sanitation in Informal Settlements: The Case of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Abstract

A large number of people in developing countries live in informal settlements. Such settlements are mostly situated in areas that are frequently flooded. In terms of sanitation, majority informal settlements dwellers use traditional pit latrine technology, which is considered cheap given their level of income. The use of pit latrines in areas that are frequently flooded causes health risks. Most of the informal settlements lack access to infrastructure services particularly sanitation facilities. This has made many residents discharge waste water from pit latrines into storm water run-offs. This often leads to environmental pollution and endangers the health of local residents. Based on the current study, this paper attempts to examine how and the extent to which residents in these informal settlements get access to improved sanitation. The paper also draws lessons to inform the way forward. The findings show that community based initiatives, partnerships and law enforcement are instrumental in improving access to sanitation in informal settlements.