Abstract
Abstract : Subjects were asked to indicate whether or not they were receiving ESP messages, which were presumably sent for 12 successive transmissions. Half the subjects received shock when they indicated nonreception. It was predicted that shock would introduce conflict and 'nonreceivers' who accepted this shock would experience dissonance. This dissonance might be reduced by rejecting belief in ESP. A high latency of response for females indicated that they did indeed show this conflict, and these subjects did reduce their beliefs in ESP significantly more than did the other subjects. Nonshocked females and males in both conditions showed little conflict and less change in belief. (Author)
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