Abstract
To test the role of large-scale magnetic fields in accretion processes, we study dynamics of charged test particles in vicinity of a black hole immersed into an asymptotically uniform magnetic field. Using the Hamiltonian formalism of charged particle dynamics, we examine chaotic scattering in the effective potential related to the black hole gravitational field combined with the uniform magnetic field. Energy interchange between the translational and oscillatory modes od the charged particle dynamics provides mechanism for charged particle acceleration along the magnetic field lines. This energy transmutation is an attribute of the chaotic charged particle dynamics in the combined gravitational and magnetic fields only, the black hole rotation is not necessary for such charged particle acceleration. The chaotic scatter can cause transition to the motion along the magnetic field lines with small radius of the Larmor motion or vanishing Larmor radius, when the speed of the particle translational motion is largest and can be ultra-relativistic. We discuss consequences of the model of ionization of test particles forming a neutral accretion disc, or heavy ions following off-equatorial circular orbits, and we explore the fate of heavy charged test particles after ionization where no kick of heavy ions is assumed and only switch-on effect of the magnetic field is relevant. We demonstrate that acceleration and escape of the ionized particles can be efficient along the Kerr black hole symmetry axis parallel to the magnetic field lines. We show that strong acceleration of ionized particles to ultra-relativistic velocities is preferred in the direction close to the magnetic field lines. Therefore, the process of ionization of Keplerian discs around Kerr black holes can serve as a model of relativistic jets.
Highlights
In the processes occurring around black holes the magnetic fields can be relevant due to several reasons
To test the role of large-scale magnetic fields in accretion processes, we study the dynamics of the charged test particles in the vicinity of a black hole immersed into an asymptotically uniform magnetic field
Using the Hamiltonian formalism of the charged particle dynamics, we examine chaotic scattering in the effective potential related to the black hole gravitational field combined with the uniform magnetic field
Summary
In the processes occurring around black holes the magnetic fields can be relevant due to several reasons. Many of the observed black hole candidates are assumed to have an accretion disc constituted from conducting plasma which dynamics can generate a regular magnetic field. The kinetic effects of collisionless plasmas could generate equilibrium configurations of plasmas in various conditions under combined gravitational and magnetic fields [3–5] or could govern transitions from neutral to ionized equilibria of accretion discs [6]. If a rotating black hole carries by itself an electric charge, being described by the Kerr–Newman background, it has its intrinsic electromagnetic field that could influence dynamics of charged particles in accreting matter [8,9]. The physical processes in the surrounding of black holes could be influenced by large-scale magnetic fields not related directly to the black hole. There is a large variety of studies of the charged test particle motion in such
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