Abstract
The integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the electricity market requires flexible and efficient technologies that compensate for the fluctuating electricity demand. A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is a suitable solution due to its fuel flexibility, but the thermal inertia of the fluidized bed can have negative effects on the load following capabilities. This study investigates the influence of the operating parameters of the fire side on the speed of load changes on the waterside. Co-combustion of lignite, straw, and refuse derived fuel (RDF) was carried out. In a 1 MWth pilot CFB combustor fifteen load changes were performed with a varying step input of the primary air, the secondary air, and the fuel mass flow. The step input of the primary air had a large influence on the load ramps, as it strongly affects the solids concentration in the upper furnace. The step size of the fuel mass flow had a positive effect on the load change rate. Based on the results, concepts were developed to accelerate load ramping by controlling the hydrodynamic conditions and the temperature on the fireside.
Highlights
The usage of renewable energy sources in the energy sector is necessary to mitigate climate change (Edenhofer et al, 2011)
Dynamic test series with three different fuel mixtures were carried out in a 1 MWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor to investigate the influence of operational parameters on the load ramps
The response of the waterside to a step input on the fireside of the CFB furnace is driven by the change of the hydrodynamic conditions and the furnace temperature
Summary
The usage of renewable energy sources in the energy sector is necessary to mitigate climate change (Edenhofer et al, 2011). Fluctuating energy sources such as solar and wind play a decisive role in this context. The worldwide installed capacity of power from wind and photovoltaics increased from 183 GWel in 2009 (Paraschiv et al, 2014) to 1,096 GWel in 2018 (Renewables, 2019) These technologies have in common that they are not suitable for baseload operation due to their fluctuating electricity supply (Paraschiv et al, 2014). The CO2 emissions of these processes should be as low as possible, i.e., they require
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