Acceleration of Anthraquinone-Type Dye Removal by White-Rot Fungus Under Optimized Environmental Conditions

Abstract

The decolorization of the recalcitrant dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by the culture fil- trate of Polyporus sp. S133 and the effect of various environmental factors were investigated. Both biodeg- radation and biosorption were playing an important role in bioremoval mechanisms. The highest biosorp- tion of RBBR in Polyporus sp. S133 was shown by all carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch. No biosorption was shown by the addition of aromatic compounds and metal ions; 97.1 % RBBR decolorization was achieved in 120-rpm culture for 96 h, as compared to 49.5 % decolorization in station- ary culture. Increasing the shaking rotation of the culture to more than 120 rpm was proven to give a negative effect on decolorization. The highest produc- tion of laccase was shown at pH 4 and constantly decreases when the pH level increases. The addition of glucose, ammonium tartrate, Cu 2+ , and protocate- chuic acid was the suitable environmental condition for RBBR decolorization. There was a positive rela- tionship between all environmental conditions and laccase production in the decolorization of RBBR.