Abstract
To overcome the large time and memory consumption problems in large-scale high-resolution contaminant transport simulations, an efficient approach was presented to parallelize the modular three-dimensional transport model for multi-species (MT3DMS) (University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA) program on J adaptive structured meshes applications infrastructures (JASMIN). In this approach, a domain decomposition method and a stencil-based method were used to accomplish parallel implementation, while a ghost cell strategy was used for communication. The MODFLOW-MT3DMS coupling mode was optimized to achieve the parallel coupling of flow and contaminant transport. Five types of models were used to verify the correctness and test the parallel performance of the method. The developed parallel program JMT3D (China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China) can increase the speed by up to 31.7 times, save memory consumption by 96% with 46 processors, and ensure that the solution accuracy and convergence do not decrease as the number of domains increases. The BiCGSTAB (Bi-conjugate gradient variant algorithm) method required the least amount of time and achieved high speedup in most cases. Coupling the flow and contaminant transport further improved the efficiency of the simulations, with a 33.45 times higher speedup achieved on 46 processors. The AMG (algebraic multigrid) method achieved a good scalability, with an efficiency above 100% on hundreds of processors for the simulation of tens of millions of cells.
Highlights
Groundwater pollution has become a serious problem in many areas of the world
Abdelaziz et al [7] developed a parallel code of MT3DMS with OpenMP, the method is limited by memory capacity and the number of processors
Needs to read the flow information saturated thickness, volumetric flow contaminant transport simulations cannot be performed until all flow computing is completed rates per cell interfaces, etc.) from an intermediate file of the integrated MODFLOW-MT3DMS model, For a steady flow, the contaminant transport needs to read onlycomputing the information of the flow contaminant transport simulations cannot be model performed until all flow is completed
Summary
Groundwater pollution has become a serious problem in many areas of the world. Numerical simulation of contaminant transport present convenient characteristics and have become useful tools in subsurface contaminant assessment and remediation [1]. For large-scale, long-term, and high-resolution real-world three-dimensional (3D) models, the number of cells can reach up to hundreds of millions These huge computational simulations take hours or days to complete, sometimes are beyond the limit of serial processor computing memory and computation time. HBGC123D [4], P-PCG [5], HydroGeoSphere [6], and MT3DMSP [7] were parallelized using the OpenMP programming paradigm based on a shared memory architecture This parallel approach can be implemented with minor modifications to the computer codes but is limited to a relatively small number (i.e., 8–64) of processors [6]. Abdelaziz et al [7] developed a parallel code of MT3DMS with OpenMP, the method is limited by memory capacity and the number of processors. The correctness and performance of JMT3D are verified and discussed through five types of tests (correctness, steady flow, high heterogeneity, transient flow, and scaling tests) about water soluble inorganic contaminant models
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