Abstract
Large composite dark matter states source a scalar binding field that, when coupled to Standard Model nucleons, provides a potential under which nuclei recoil and accelerate to energies capable of ionization, radiation, and thermonuclear reactions. We show that these dynamics are detectable for nucleon couplings as small as ${g}_{n}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ at dark matter experiments, where the greatest sensitivity is attained by considering the Migdal effect. We also explore type-Ia supernovae and planetary heating as possible means to discover this type of dark matter.
Highlights
The existence of dark matter is well established through its gravitational interactions with visible matter
Sufficiently massive composites will be in a saturated state; the binding field inside the saturated composites takes on a classical value hφi ∝ mX, where mX is the mass of the constituent dark matter fermion, here ranging from GeV– EeV
The asymmetric DM composites we focused on consist of a dark matter fermion coupled to a real scalar field, which provides the attractive force to form bound states
Summary
The existence of dark matter is well established through its gravitational interactions with visible matter. For a wide range of couplings, these dark matter composites will source a large scalar field value, which implies a large corresponding scalar potential V ∼ hφi inside the composite. Particles coupled to φ will undergo accelerative processes at the composite boundary It follows that the composite’s Yukawa potential will cause nuclei (or other SM particles) to scatter, ionize, and undergo other dynamic processes at the boundary and inside the dark matter (DM) composite. This work examines some new detection modes for large asymmetric composite dark matter states, including new searches at underground dark matter experiments, detailed computations for determining composite DM ignition of type-Ia supernova, and the extent to which composites heat the Earth’s interior.
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