Abstract
Biochar is widely used in the environmental-protection field. This study presents the first investigation of the mechanism of biochar prepared using iron (Fe)-rich biomass and its impact on the reductive removals of Orange G dye by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The results show that biochars significantly accelerated electron transfer from cells to Orange G and thus stimulated reductive removal rate to 72–97%. Both the conductive domains and the charging and discharging of surface functional groups in biochars played crucial roles in the microbial reduction of Orange G to aniline. A high Fe content of the precursor significantly enhanced the conductor performance of the produced biochar and thus enabled the biochar to have a higher reductive removal rate of Orange G (97%) compared to the biochar prepared using low-Fe precursor (75%), but did not promote the charging and discharging capacity of the produced biochar. This study can prompt the search for natural biomass with high Fe content to confer the produced biochar with wide-ranging applications in stimulating the microbial reduction of redox-active pollutants.
Highlights
Synthetic chemical dyes are widely and frequently used in various modern industries, including textiles, leather, plastics, paper, printing, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics [1,2]
These results indicated that possessed the potential that in the presence of S. oneidensis MR-1 alone (Figure 4)
Our results provide evidence for the first time that a high Fe content of biomass can significantly enhance the conductor performance of the produced biochar, which is of significant importance in environmentally relevant redox reactions of pollutants, including azo dyes selected as the target in this study and other redox-active pollutants [43]
Summary
Synthetic chemical dyes are widely and frequently used in various modern industries, including textiles, leather, plastics, paper, printing, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics [1,2]. One million tons of dyes are produced annually in the world, and over 10% of these dyes are discharged directly into the environment [3,4]. Azo dyes are the most important dyes and constitute about 70% of the whole dye family [5]. They are a class of molecules characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds (–N=N–), which are often connected with aromatic rings and auxochromes The removal of azo dyes from wastewater has been extensively studied to mitigate their threat to the environment. A wide range of physicochemical and biological treatment technologies have been developed and applied for the removal of various azo dyes from
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