Accelerated and decelerated polarization reversal in thin vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer films

Abstract

Ferroelectric switching characteristics during continuous polarization reversal were investigated in thin vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer films by using a train of bipolar on-off electric field pulses. It was found that polarization reversal is accelerated as the pulse width Δt is decreased whereas it is decelerated as Δt is increased. For a given Δt, the switching time t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> depends on the pulse height E in accordance with an exponential law t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ∞e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">/E</sup> in that E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> increases from 0.5 GV/m to 1.2 GV/m as Δt is increased from 10 μs to 1000 s whereas t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ∞ remains constant at 8 ns. These results are interpreted in terms of the dependence of t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> on previous poling history that produces diverse polarization states containing various defects and disorder that affect the nucleation probability and growth velocity in the following switching process. Particular acceleration at short /Delta/t was attributed to unswitched polarization that aids in the generation of critical nuclei of reversed domains. Marked deceleration at long /Delta/t was attributed to structural stabilization observed as slow dielectric relaxation during the off period. The effects of ferroelectric heating and space charge redistribution are discussed in relation to acceleration and deceleration, respectively.