Abstract
The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract of leaves of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston (family: Vitaceae) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus was assessed using adult immersion test (AIT). The per cent of adult mortality, inhibition of fecundity, and blocking of hatching of eggs were studied at different concentrations. The extract at 10% concentration showed 88.96% inhibition of fecundity, 58.32% of adult tick mortality, and 50% inhibition of hatching. Peak mortality rate was observed after day 5 of treatment. Mortality of engorged female ticks, inhibition of fecundity, and hatching of eggs were concentration dependent. The LC50 value of the extract against R. (B.) annulatus was 10.46%. The HPTLC profiling of the petroleum ether extract revealed the presence of at least seven polyvalent components. In the petroleum ether extract, nicotine was identified as one of the components up to a concentration of 5.4%. However, nicotine did not reveal any acaricidal activity up to 20000 ppm (2%). Coconut oil, used as diluent for dissolving the extract, did not reveal any acaricidal effects. The results are indicative of the involvement of synergistic or additive action of the bioactive components in the tick mortality and inhibition of the oviposition.
Highlights
Ticks are obligate haematophagous external parasites of domestic and wild fauna of animals
According to the results of the current study, it could be concluded that the petroleum ether extract of T. leucostaphylum leaves had acaricidal activity against adult R. (B.) annulatus ticks
There were no studies on the effects of T. leucostaphylum leaf extracts on adult R. (B.) annulatus ticks
Summary
Ticks are obligate haematophagous external parasites of domestic and wild fauna of animals. Tick borne diseases continue to be a serious animal health problem, causing major economic loss to farmers. Chemical acaricides such as organophosphate compounds, synthetic pyrethroids, and amitraz are used for control of ticks [1–3]. The continuous application of these chemical acaricides results in acaricidal resistance, environmental pollution, residues in food, and toxicity to workers [4]. Herbal acaricides have many advantages over synthetic acaricides since they are eco-friendly and cheaper and are with minimum environmental and mammalian toxicity [5, 6]. Many plant extracts were analysed for their acaricidal effects in different laboratories of the world [7–10] including our laboratory [11– 15]. The activities of plant extracts such as preventing blood feeding, molting, fecundity, and hatching of eggs [5] were reported in literature
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