Abstract
The efficiency of prepared nano-abamectin was assayed against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Prepared formulation showed spherical particles ranged from 66 to 133 nm under examination of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and same pattern of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum in comparison of conventional acaricide (Vertimecâ). In laboratory trail, toxicity index at LC50 level confirmed that nano-abamectin was greater toxic to adult female, T. urticae (Koch) with value; 30 than Vertimecâ 1.8% EC. Similarly, nano-abamectin reduced the mite fecundity at levels greater than those of Vertimecâ. Regarding field trail, nano-abamectin at rate of 60 ml/ha showed very toxic effects after 3 day of spraying followed by 7 and 14 days on soybean plants achieving % of mortality; 89.98, 83.80 and 76.90%, respectively. These findings showed that, bioactivity of nano-acaricide were many folds higher than conventional acaricide against mite, T. urticae (Koch). However, the biosafety issues may be also addressed.
Highlights
Pesticides play an important role in agriculture through prevention of crop loss caused by major diseases and pests
Eight concentrations; 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm were used for conventional abamectin (Vertimec 1.8% EC) and nine concentrations; 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm were used for nanoemulsion of abamectin against adult females of T. urticae Koch
As observed from the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image (Figure 1) the abamectin nanoparticles appeared as spherical shapes, and the size was mainly in the range of 66 to 133 nm
Summary
Pesticides play an important role in agriculture through prevention of crop loss caused by major diseases and pests. Nano-pesticides hold promise to reduce the environmental footprint left by conventional pesticides These products may allow for more effective targeting pests, use of smaller quantities of pesticide and minimize the frequency of spray-applied surface disinfection. These findings mostly improve human and environmental safety and minimize pest control costs. Most of family tetranychidae are considered phytophagous pests They attack various vegetables and other crops causing direct damage to greenhouse and field crops [8]. Avermectins are known as acaricidal compounds and consist of a group of naturally occurring secondary metabolites produced by the soil actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilus These compounds have proven to be globally important animal health agents and indispensable human medications [14]. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of nano-emulsion of abamectin 1% EC against T. uritcae Koch, in comparison with conventional insecticide; Vertimec 1.8% EC
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