Abstract
Four fractions obtained from chloroform extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil by column chromatography were investigated for acaricidal activity against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro. Octadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester was isolated from an active fraction of the chloroform extract and its toxicity against S. scabiei larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log–log model was used to analyse the toxicity data. Activity was found in the third fraction, with 100% corrected mortality after 4.5h of exposure at a concentration of 200mgml−1. This fraction was repeatedly re-crystallised in acetone to yield a white amorphous powder, identified as octadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.1mgml−1 at 24h post-treatment. The median lethal time (LT50) for this compound was 15.3h at a concentration of 7.5mgml−1.
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