Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806).

Flávio Augusto Sanches Politi,Matias Pablo Juan Szabó,Andréa Mendez Araújo,Gervásio Henrique Bechara,Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias,Bruno Rodrigues Sampieri,Glyn Mara Figueira,Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro,Wagner Vilegas,Lourdes Campaner Dos Santos

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-295

Abstract

BackgroundThe tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species with the largest worldwide distribution and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia conorii, among others. Studies have demonstrated acquisition of resistance to some of the active principles used in commercial formulations of acaricides. Tagetes patula (Asteraceae) is a plant with highlighted economic and commercial importance due to the production of secondary metabolites with insecticide and acaricide potential, mainly flavonoids, thiophenes and terpenes.MethodsThe in vitro acaricide action of the ethanolic 70% extract from aerial parts of T. patula, obtained by percolation, was evaluated against larvae and engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus by immersion test for 5 minutes. The chemical characterization of this extract was done by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), using direct injection of sample.ResultsDespite T. patula not proving lethal to adults in any of the concentrations tested, at 50.0 mg/mL oviposition rate decreased by 21.5% and eliminated 99.78% of the larvae. Also it was determined that the best results were obtained with 5 minutes of immersion. From the chromatographic analysis twelve O-glycosylated flavonoids were identified.ConclusionsThis is the first report on the acaricidal activity of T. patula extract against Rh. sanguineus. If we consider the application of the product in the environment, we could completely eliminate the larval stage of development of the ixodid Rh. sanguineus.

Highlights

The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species with the largest worldwide distribution and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia conorii, among others
This study aimed to perform the chemical characterization by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) of the 70% ethanolic extract from aerial parts of T. patula and test the acaricidal action in larvae and engorged adult females of Rh. sanguineus through immersion tests for 5 minutes
The second order fragmentation (MS/MS) for each of the most representative ions led to the identification of secondary metabolites, observing the presence of flavonoids O-glycosides (Table 1), very common in the genus Tagetes [40,41,42,43,44]

Summary

Introduction

The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species with the largest worldwide distribution and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia conorii, among others. The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) is the species currently with the most worldwide spread, due the wide distribution of its natural host, the dog, and due to nidicolous habits [3]. Amitraz, carbaryl and pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and cypermethrin) are the acaricides most employed for its control [8,9,10,11,12,13], some authors have reported resistance of ticks to commercial formulations containing these compounds [14]. Its effective elimination will require an integrated control strategy, aimed at both the canine population and the environment [16,17]

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